Borrow Interest Rate

Mitigating liquidity risk through the borrow interest rate model

  • When capital is available: low interest rates to encourage loans.

  • When capital is scarce: high interest rates to encourage repayments of loans and additional deposits.

To retrieve the interest rate strategy contract on-chain, see this section of the developer docs.

Interest Rate Model

In the borrow rate technical implementation, the calculateCompoundedInterest method relies on an approximation that mostly affects high interest rates. The resulting actual borrow rate can is:

Both the variable and stable interest models, are derived from the formula above from the Whitepaper with different parameters for each asset.

Variable loans see their rate constantly evolving with utilisation. This means they are not ideal for financial planning.

For rebalancing the stable rate up, these two conditions need to be met:

Smart Contract Reference

Model Parameters

The interest rate parameters have been calibrated per cluster of currencies that share similar risk profiles. First, it's crucial to distinguish assets that are used predominantly as collateral (volatile assets) which need liquidity at all times to enable liquidations. These assets require a low Optimal Utilisation rate typically calibrated around 45%. Secondly, the asset's liquidity on Aave is an important factor as the more liquidity, the more stable the utilisation: interest rates of assets with lower liquidity should be more conservative. For example lower liquidity stablecoins have lower Optimal Utilisation Ratio than those with higher liquidity.

It's also key to consider market conditions: how can the asset be used in the current market? Aave's borrowing costs must be aligned with market yield opportunities. Or there would be a rate arbitrage with rational users incentivized to borrow all the liquidity on Aave to take advantage of higher yield opportunities.

When market conditions change, the interest rate parameters can be adapted. These changes must adapt to utilisation on Aave’s market as well as to incentives across DeFi.

The interest rate curve of SNX is much higher than that of other assets due to the staking incentives of the Synthetix platform. This makes SNX the most utilised pool generating the highest yields.

Following the favorable historical review of liquidity risk, the interest rate models have been optimised to be more competitive while keeping theirs risk mitigation properties.

Variable Interest Rate Model Parameters

Stable Interest Rate Model Parameters

The stable rate provides predictability for the borrower which comes at a cost, as the interest rates are higher than the variable rate. However the rate of a stable loan is fixed until the rebalancing conditions are met:

Smart Contract Reference

The currencies the most exposed to liquidity risk do not offer stable rate borrowing.

The base rate of the stable rate model corresponds to the average market rate of the asset.

Interest Rate Parameters Change

When market conditions change, risks change. The utilisation of reserves is continuously monitored to check liquidity is available. In case of prolonged full utilisation, the interest rate parameters are adapted to mitigate any risks emerging from market conditions

Interest Rate Curves

This section shows Aave's APY per asset. ​

AMPL

BUSD | GUSD | sUSD

DAI | TUSD

USDC | USDT

No stable borrows for BAL, CRV, REN and YFI

SNX

WETH

Deposit APY

You can view the protocol's deposit APY on the Aave App for each asset.

The average Deposit APY over a period also includes Flash Loan fees.

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